When it comes to opening things, we’re a society of wimps. A push of the button engages gears and chains that lift our garage doors. One online retailer offers 880 items to slice open envelopes and another 2,700 to uncork wine. It’s even possible to purchase a device for breaching bananas.
This plethora of specially designed products stands in stark contrast to the tools first used to open cans— hammers and chisels. It wasn’t until 50 years after the creation of canned food that a dedicated opener appeared.
Canned foods were invented at the end of the 1700s, when the French ruler Napoleon needed a reliable way to feed his troops during wartime. Scurvy and malnutrition were taking their toll on his armed forces, and the government offered a 12,000 franc reward to anyone who could invent a way to preserve food so that it could be transported to the battlefield. In 1795, baker Nicholas Appert won the prize with his discovery that placing jars of food in boiling water prevented the contents from spoiling. But sterilized food in breakable glass jars solved only part of the problem. Around the same time, the Dutch Navy fed its troops salmon packed in tin-plated iron boxes. Thirteen of these found their way to the UK, and Briton Peter Durand patented the canning process in 1812. The first canning factory opened in London in 1813, and by the 1820s canned food was common in Britain, France, and the U.S.
Linzee McCray
Can openers from the collection of the late James Montag, courtesy of his daughter Doris Montag.
These early cans were made of thick, heavy iron and actually included the instructions to “cut round the top near the outer edge with a chisel and hammer.” (Soldiers on the battlefield, lacking those implements, found that bayonets, rocks, and even guns did the job.) It wasn’t until 1855 that a British maker of surgical instruments and knives, Robert Yates, patented the first can opener, which used a lever knife with a sharp blade. As cans were made with lighter-weight metal, variations evolved including an 1858 lever-type opener that employed a sharp sickle that was pushed into a can and then sawed around the edge, the key opener seen on sardine cans in 1866, and the rotating-wheel can opener in 1870. The latter resembles can openers in use today, except that cans first had to be pierced in the center with a sharp metal rod and opening them required significant strength. In 1925, the Star Can Opener Company of San Francisco added the second, toothed wheel, which firmly gripped the edge of the can.
Although the first electric can openers appeared in 1931, it wasn’t until the mid-1950s that freestanding electric openers in avocado green, pink, and aqua were met with popular appeal. And in the 1980s, a can opener that cut cans open on their sides, rather than the top, appeared.
Though can openers are typically something of an afterthought, there is one type that has achieved nearly legendary status — the military-issued P-38 and P-51 openers (so named for their size — the P-38 is 38mm in length). Small, light, and easy to tuck into a pocket or attach to a key ring (and vastly superior to bayonets and rocks), the openers were distributed to GIs from World War II through the 1980s, enabling them to open their meals — K-rations and later, C-rations. The simple tool also could double as a screwdriver. Though the U.S. Armed Forces now eat MREs (Meals Ready to Eat) that don’t require openers, relief organizations still distribute P-38s along with canned food during disaster and rescue operations.
Changes in product packaging mean that cranking on a can opener is no longer a daily ritual. Pull-tab cans invented in 1963 for beer and 1964 for carbonated drinks eliminated the need for simple “church-key” openers, and today foods of all types are packed in versions of these (more expensive) containers.
Even so, most of us still have a can opener nestled in our kitchen drawers, and I certainly understand why can openers have been reinvented over the years. Food is a requirement for life and a simple, efficient can opener is sometimes all that stands between a tin can and hunger. My father, a retired U.S. Marine, says that years after he needed it, carrying a P-38 made him feel secure. Without an opener, a can’s contents remain inaccessible to battle-weary soldiers and mothers of small children — with a good one it’s possible to provide sustenance, sate a yappy pup, and quell the rumble of empty stomachs.
A lifelong sewer/knitter and former weaver/spinner, Linzee Kull McCray, a.k.a. lkmccray, is a writer and editor living in Iowa. She feels fortunate to meet and write about people, from scientists to stitchers, who are passionate about their work. Her freelance writing appears in Quilts and More, Stitch, UPPERCASE, American Patchwork and Quilting and more. For more textile musings, visit her blog.
150 comments
Sign in to add your ownfernfiddlehead says:
I love it!
1 year ago
funktionslust says:
Wonderful piece! I can't believe 50 yrs went by between the invention of the can and the can opener. What a neat fact!
1 year ago
NobleTextiles says:
A can of real turtle soup...you don't see that very often!
1 year ago
mattyhandmadecrafts says:
Great one!
1 year ago
AlisaDesign says:
Cool!
1 year ago
myvintagecrush says:
Nice article! ..we are a society of wimps :p
1 year ago
treasureagain says:
Thank you Linzee! That is a great article and collection of photos!
1 year ago
RivalryTime says:
Ahhhhh. The good ole days. I remember back when we didn't even have apps on our phones. I dont know how we did it :)
1 year ago
BethAnnsCards says:
Great Information and fun facts. Thanx!
1 year ago
tigersanddragons says:
A can opener is one of those things that doesn't seem important, until you have a can in front of you! Thank god for swiss army knives, even though punching into a can is a real pain.
1 year ago
CarefullySentCards says:
Cool article, you never really think about the history of something like a can opener, but it has a rich history!
1 year ago
JulieMeyer says:
Fun! I love that grocery store image.
1 year ago
TheLittleRagamuffin says:
It is amazing how we take this tool for granted. Once upon a time during a tour across the country, eight starved musicians found themselves with a night off. We piled cans of baked beans, okra in tomato sauce, and canned peas into shopping baskets envisioning the first vegetables we would have eaten in weeks. It wasn't until we lit the campfire that we realized we had no way to get into the cans. Fortunately we didn't have to employ bayonets, but more than one knife was sacrificed in the process!
1 year ago
LizabethDezigns says:
I love the quirky history of the little things we take for granted! Thanks for sharing. Love the pic of 'Turtle Soup' and 'Mock Turtle Soup.'
1 year ago
Mclovebuddy says:
this is a great article. very witty.
1 year ago
tokyogin says:
Twenty years ago, while visiting my boyfriends parents in Maine, we stopped at a roadside flea market. His parents gave us each a quarter and said to go find each other a gift. My boyfriend (now husband) picked out a mink can opener for me. Yes, a MINK can opener, complete with eyes! The can opener appears at every gift opportunity wrapped in a different box and signed from a different person to throw me off. And each holiday or special day, I somehow forget about it and get the daylights scared out of me when I open it!
1 year ago
bedouin says:
Great article ~*~ so retro, so easy to please.
1 year ago
CatShyCrafts says:
interesting article!
1 year ago
ShabbyNChic says:
What fun! Thanks for sharing this. We have many friends from another country who have never seen can openers. (They use knives.)
1 year ago
HoundstoothDesign says:
thank you for the article! it's nice to learn a little about the history of something we take for granted.
1 year ago
packmatthews says:
wonderful pictures. Good example of how our tools change but never disappear completely. To think that the invention of canned food was successfully rolled out without a good way to get into them. And who knew it would take so long to come up with a standard technique. Good writing, didn't seemed canned at all. You started with a good opener of course, that always preserves a well baked idea.
1 year ago
ArtDecoDame says:
Great post!
1 year ago
OuterKnits says:
Great story. I can never find my bayonet when I need it!
1 year ago
LivingVintage says:
Now we're spoiled with peel back can tops! The can opener may go the way of cursive writing. Love it!
1 year ago
volkerwandering says:
Thought provoking!
1 year ago
BanglewoodSupplies says:
Turtle soup? Wow. I feel young. I have never seen that.
1 year ago
tararie says:
My husband and I have two P38s in a butter pat on the kitchen sink. We met in working in a military surplus store. ;) The best can opener ever! They are 20 years old and just as good as new~
1 year ago
JasmineLund says:
I agree about being spoiled with the peel-backs! Although, with a family of 8, we somehow manage to go through a couple of can openers a year. And generally, the only canned things that we use are tomatoes and cream soups as bases for foods, so that's not really a lot! Of course it's the manufacturers' faults. If anything goes wrong, it's the manufacturer's fault. And the sad thing is, that most of the time, that's not an exaggeration. And while a good many companies make a point of serving their customers well, it's miles from the amazing treatment that handmade customers get. I mean, how many representatives of a given company really know how the inside of a factory works? Yet, in the handmade world, you know that you'll be talking with the person (yes, real person, person just like you) who made your item. This person knows your item inside out, and knows exactly how to help you. How much different from a company sending you a refund in the mail; though it be just, right, and even exciting, it won't bring the satisfaction of reducing waste, etc. that handmade transactions always do.
1 year ago
CalicoJunoJewelry says:
Very nice article!
1 year ago
HoshiMono says:
wow, how interesting! so many different can openers!!
1 year ago
CopperheadCreations says:
Cool openers!
1 year ago
PattiTrostle says:
Interesting. I have seen and had some of those openers!
1 year ago
MegansMenagerie says:
Great post!!!
1 year ago
zebracakes says:
Brilliant! I only recently discovered that the orignal canned beer was not pull-tab! Imagine my surprise when I realized that my antique beer church keys were actually for opening beer cans and not for opening canned juice! ;)
1 year ago
CreativeCardsForYou says:
Wow, really interesting!
1 year ago
OhCreativeOne says:
wow, very cool.
1 year ago
SheEarth says:
Oh I really love the idea of soldiers at war shooting open their food, that brings hilarious imagery to my head. I often get frustrated with my can opener and threaten to use a hammer, but never thought anyone ever actually did. you have opened up my eyes and given me much amusement from this. Thank you very much!
1 year ago
HandySam says:
Nicely done! I have quite a bit of experience opening beer cans, although the irony is that I do it so that I can create a device that opens bottles instead of cans.
1 year ago
satellitedaisy says:
My husband has a P-38 on his key ring 25 years after leaving the military. He never leaves home without it!
1 year ago
uniquefabricgifts says:
Very interesting! Thank you!
1 year ago
krissysue2 says:
I love learning the history of every day items! Thanks so much for sharing this with us. That dancing lady can opener is a hoot!
1 year ago
stepbackink says:
Very informative article. Thank you
1 year ago
leafprintstudio says:
I love food history! Interesting that many of our "technological advancements" develop as a result of war.
1 year ago
AVintageWalkInTime says:
Great story, thanks for sharing.
1 year ago
hmmills says:
This was a funny post, excellent writing. Thanks
1 year ago
FullCircleRetro says:
Always something new to learn...Thanks! =)
1 year ago
LeatherheadOriginals says:
Neat post! I love learning about the origins of everyday objects like this!
1 year ago
theroyal says:
thanks napoleon
1 year ago
MishaGirl says:
What marvelous images to illustrate your article with! Very interesting.
1 year ago
gilstrapdesigns says:
Wow we really have gone through a lot of can openers all different kinds and colors I love the pictures.
1 year ago
jennibram says:
Great story Linzee - fascinating and beautifully done - thank you.
1 year ago
DesignedByJae says:
This was really interesting and well put together! Loved the images! Thanks!
1 year ago
atouchofpaisley says:
I really enjoyed this story. Thank you for sharing! It was so interesting! -Toni Chanelle a Touch of Paisley Photography
1 year ago
medusawolf says:
Thanks for writing this! The history of the things we tend to overlook are, more often than not, very interesting. My girlfriend likes teasing me about my insistence on completing tasks with more manual solutions rather than flipping a switch on a modern convenience, so this struck a chord with me! :)
1 year ago
littlesoup says:
great story!very interesting!
1 year ago
pieshomecreations says:
Great Photos! Love the story. I have some type of opener on the wall in our garage just not quite sure what its for or how it works...our home is 130 yrs...its neat to find the history behind things.
1 year ago
thevicagirl says:
We have become lazy in our old age. Even cans now come with things that they nearly open themself. Soon we they will be cooking all by themself as well, just sit back and wait for your food to come and find you.
1 year ago
JanJat says:
Haha this is fabulous and particularly appropriate... My can opener broke recently and I felt like I was back in the 1800s trying to stab this thing open and NOT stab my hand at the same time! Thanks for a great article about something we take forgranted every day...well, that is until it breaks :)
1 year ago
wmalexalvarez says:
I loved this, I have a bottle opener collection myself. :) Thanks for the article!
1 year ago
ferrijoe says:
My favorite can opener has always been the Swingaway brand. I wonder if it was a myth that we shouldn't buy a can with a dent in it for fear the can could be contaminated. I still wonder if I'll get sick every time I get home from the grocery store and one of the cans has a dent in it before it gets opened.
1 year ago
scoutandrescue says:
You have to keep a can opener in the tool drawer. I think it's a rule. :-) Somewhere I have a pocket sickle-saw can opener. And they work great! Grandma always had a wall mount, which I think are the best. I even have a pink one in my shop! http://www.etsy.com/listing/69994237/pink-dazey-can-opener-1940s-model-85 Not quite everything is opened w/a pop top. I think I'll keep mine around. :-) thanks for the great piece. dahlila xo
1 year ago
elleestpetite says:
Wow, who knew? A can opener is a must in the kitchen.
1 year ago
calicarpa says:
Really great article! I'm intrigued by the can of turtle soup and mock turtle soup. That was a passing trend that I never learnt much about in western cuisine. I can only imagine the health concerns of using guns to open your cans for hungry soldiers (although I guess they had other more pressing health concerns). Either way, I will NOT take my can opener for granted. Thank you!
1 year ago
MomsCottage says:
Very interesting! Great post, thanks!
1 year ago
nanimoku says:
What a beautifully written post; thank you very much for writing this and presenting it. I thoroughly enjoyed reading it and you obviously did a lot of work in your research.
1 year ago
wildfireatheart says:
Extremely Interesting!! You taught me something today and I always love that!
1 year ago
somsstudiosupplies says:
What an amazing article. Cant do without my handy dandy can opener!
1 year ago
StudioCybele says:
Love this!!!
1 year ago
theori says:
I love to think that the ingenuity of on person way back when has helped changed the face of the world - from feeding soliders to disaster victims. Humans are pretty cool :)
1 year ago
sianykitty says:
wow amazing story.. some of the style of the early grocery store still exist in the countryside of the country where I was born..
1 year ago
LittleWrenPottery says:
Reminded me of my Grandmother opening cans, they used to come with a can key to curl around the top of each can and reveal what was inside. Usually corned beef, she always used to remind me to watch my fingers on sharp can edges!
1 year ago
cutietiffy says:
haha coolio!
1 year ago
BagNoir says:
Great article Linzee! Love the can opener collection :)
1 year ago
redemptionart says:
Love the openers, but not the canned goods...from Hawaii, everyone teases us about eating SPAM..so I have a complex..NOT..LOL!
1 year ago
thehappycaravan says:
Ahh good old Heinz I used to work at the factory here in Wigan and my Husband is the Uk distribution Manager ! Those cans still look the same and I love beans, however a ring pull is a must he he !!!
1 year ago
radakia says:
Very much enjoyed this article.
1 year ago
LavenderField says:
Very interesting read. I never thought of can openers and how they evolved into what's available today.
1 year ago
feltstories says:
interesting article !!
1 year ago
avesattic says:
Interesting post! I remember my Mom taking a hammer and nail to a can of evaporated milk......oh no........now you know how old I am :-)
1 year ago
littleshopofphotos says:
So interesting! Funny that cans were around so long before the can opener!! Mock turtle soup! Ha!
1 year ago
VintageBeach says:
I have a 1920's aqua opener just like the red one in the top corner above, use it exclusively...
1 year ago
suegrayjewelry says:
wonderful history lesson! thank you for sharing this fascinating information!
1 year ago
modelarose says:
Cool article. Early earthquake warning on the stacked cans in photo, I think! Not to mention the anxiety the clerk might experience when someone comes stomping into the store in heavy boots on a wooden floor...I have at least five can openers of different designs and am very impressed by the can can, but my other opener of the same functional design (if not style) might get jealous.
1 year ago
adrianaallenllc says:
I enjoyed reading this one. Very entertaining and educational at the same time. Good work.
1 year ago
slathered says:
I have to show this article to my sister-in-law. We use an old-school handcrank can opener. She'd come over to feed our cat during our vacations, and she rebelled against the opener. She said it was too hard to use and hurt her fingers. So she bought us an electric opener one year. We hated it. It always got little bits of paper from the label into the food. She moved away recently and we got rid of the electric opener. And our handcrank opener -- which belonged to my grandmother -- is back in use.
1 year ago
TwistedWhimsyDesigns says:
What a great article. I don't think I've ever really thought about the history of the can opener! My sister owns this super fancy one that no one but her can ever figure out how to work. I've bought several over the years but seem to always go back to a trusty one I got like 20 years ago from K-mart :)
1 year ago
TheSpeckledKat says:
I love this post! So very insightful! Thanks so much for sharing! I can never figure out an electric one. A good handy can opener is so very useful. Though I have been caught without one on more than one camping trip! That's when you get inventive! Tent stakes, knives, forks, screw drivers..anything metal and semi pointy that I can get my hands on! Who cares about dirt when you're camping?!
1 year ago
TheJewelryChateau says:
Love this article!
1 year ago
Parachute425 says:
Great article! I've bought $30 manual can openers that work no better than a $2 can open but I have two P-38s that I can always rely on after I've given up and thrown the new and improved ones in the trash.
1 year ago
GloryBDesign says:
Fascinating article! I, too, prefer the old time hand crank can opener. The electric ones take up too much counter space, and with a hand crank one, I can wash it much easier! No fear of electrocution!
1 year ago
BarnshopAntiques says:
What a wonderful article. I learned so much that I never even thought about before. I will be extra thankful while opening my can of spinach to make lentil soup today. I am picky and usually prefer fresh or garden vegetables but for some reason canned tomatoes and canned spinach are ok with me.
1 year ago
mymothershouse says:
Wonderfully informative article with great pics. I just love learning the history of "things". I too prefer the hand can openers and have not bought an electric one since about 1990 although I would love to see one from the thirties - I didnt realize they were that old. Anybody got one?
1 year ago
Iammie says:
Love this article and its title!
1 year ago
PAYSMAGE says:
Surprising and very interesting article ! Congratulations, and Thank you !
1 year ago
MyraMelinda says:
you gotta' love vintage when you read this! thanks for the info...
1 year ago
RetroRevivalBoutique says:
I'm not sure I even wanna know what's in that "Mock turtle soup".... But still, very cool article! :)
1 year ago
kdmask says:
REAL TURTLE SOUP!! ;)
1 year ago
thetarnishedhalo says:
LOVE this article! Yes, we are a society of wimps, (she says as she pours another instant cup of coffee from her super dooper gadget Coffee/latte/Cappuccino machine) :) LOVE LOVE LOVE the article!
1 year ago
bestdressedgirl says:
My mama still uses a little hand can crank opener.
1 year ago
Balanced says:
what an interesting article! I've been through so many electric can openers that always stop working for no apparent reason. I inevitably always go back to my trusty hand one. loved learning the history of these.
1 year ago
Heysailorvintage says:
It's amazing how this seemingly simple technology has played such an important role!
1 year ago
goddessofthecosmos says:
Wonderful presentation of a very interesting article. To me, it requires a lot of faith to 'trust' whatever comes out of that can is good to eat. Thanks for sharing.
1 year ago
ziemart says:
Cool article! Very interesting and informative. :)
1 year ago
Zoestings says:
canned spaghetti ! yummmm
1 year ago
accentonvintage says:
Interesting post!
1 year ago
PinesVintageClothing says:
I do so appreciate a can opener. I turn the cans with the tabs upside down and use my Grandma's red 1950's Swing-A-Way opener
1 year ago
indigobjects says:
Interesting!
1 year ago
KettleConfections says:
If you think about it, a manual can opener is one of the very few manually operated tools we still use. Everything now is all pre-made so a lot of manually operated tools people can use to make things either no longer exist, or is simply not made/manufactured any more.
1 year ago
carlajean4u says:
Great 'can do' attitude!!
1 year ago
TheJoyofColor says:
Love that :) i still have in my kitchen drawer the army type i think they are the best , simple design, less space and do the job. so design and function are at there best here.
1 year ago
rivahside says:
Love my Swing-a-way!
1 year ago
andiespecialtysweets says:
Great article!
1 year ago
edguardodeevinchsski says:
This was such an interesting article! I wonder how many things we are over looking that need inventions right now.
1 year ago
sermengtk says:
Linzee -- you have just gained a new fan. In 2012, I shall attempt to read every single post you contribute. I wish I could write like you do!!
1 year ago
TheNoisyOyster says:
I always keep a small can opener (similar to a p38) in my purse. It has saved the day several times when the newer kinds have failed.
1 year ago
sonjafive20 says:
What a great article!
1 year ago
EllaQuaint says:
Love the theme.
1 year ago
AshleySpiller says:
Great article. I have a can opener just like the red one. I use it in my living room on the side table for decoration.
1 year ago
DruidCrafts says:
What an amazing article! Now I want some canned turtle soup LOL
1 year ago
jofoster says:
Fascinating, how much we take for granted! Thanks for the post.
1 year ago
weatheredsilo says:
Fabulous article -- thank you for the history lesson and reminder of what craftsmanship truly is. Cheers, Mandy
1 year ago
ALTEREDsewFittingly says:
Thanks Linzee for a fun-factual eye-opener! What great comments, too! Loved everything about it! Great pics of old labels (Real & Mock TURTLE Soup?!!) The posts bring back memories of many favorite and carefully placed- back-in-their-drawer openers! (MANY struggles, too!) Made me smile!!!
1 year ago
HeatherLucille says:
I may be traumatized by the fact that a surgeon developed the first can opener. I do not think I can open a can of beans in the same lighthearted way ever again. HA! Fun and informative article, as always, Linzee! <3
1 year ago
grimmandgrete says:
Great article. We have a can opener in our survival pack!
1 year ago
BracketAndBrace says:
This is such a cute article, but definitely true. Reminds me of my little collection of can openers lying about the house, definitely resembling the generations that lived here. Got the good old metal "punch in triangle shape" opener (at least that's what I'm calling it HAHA!), the clamp and twist, the electric one, and now some fancy gadget my grandmother found on QVC. Never really gave much thought to them until now.
1 year ago
lauraslastditch says:
Love it! Still, I think my favorite can opener is the vintage Swing-A-Way.
1 year ago
peaceblossomcandles says:
And now if they could only figure out how to can food without BPA's and other poisons getting in the food...
1 year ago
PourBoyCeramics says:
What an interesting article. I enjoyed the history lesson quite a bit. Thanks for writing it.
1 year ago
FreakyPeas says:
wow, very informative. I had no idea. What we take for granted!
1 year ago
OnlyOriginalsByAJ says:
What an interesting story! Thanks so much for sharing!
1 year ago
NDMStudios says:
Great article thanks for sharing lots of interesting facts. I never would have imagined 50 yrs went by between the invention of the can and the can opener!
1 year ago
metroretrovintage says:
I purchased my favorite can opener last summer -- a wooden Edlun with apple green handles and 1929 patent date. What I didn't realize was that it's for opening cans of motor oil, lol. Thanks for the great article.
1 year ago
tableclothpad says:
I like articles is so nice.
1 year ago
1900boudoir says:
Beautiful photos and interesting topic of history!
1 year ago
shiningspur says:
I actually love turtle soup, but I don't know if I would eat it out of a can! haha Love the picture and the article!
1 year ago
lovecakewalk says:
You don't appreciate them until you find yourself without one and a hankering for something canned! Great article!!
1 year ago
LoneWhiteWolf says:
Can't believe it's been 50 years! Great piece!
1 year ago
LizardSkins says:
as a military brat myself, i treasure my p38 as well! what a great article. thanks so much for sharing it with us!
1 year ago
Craftelina says:
Thank you so much! With my Culture Research background this article is really interesting. The photos of various openers is a great thing to look at and think about, from teh perspective of tools evolvement. We also carry our can opener with us quite often, to all trips for sure. Cheers!
1 year ago
Zalavintage says:
One day these tools will be in a museum just as we view the tools of stone age man today! Necessity, the mother of innovation...
1 year ago
lizawench says:
I also love the older openers, hand crank, swing away.... didn't ever try a p38, but would give THAT a try before plugging in a newer "better" (NOT) version! Great nostalgia!!!! Thanks!
1 year ago
chesspoet says:
Beautiful story. It's a testament to how creativity fills voids in more ways than we realize.
1 year ago
KitchieKu says:
I'm so thankful you included my can opener in your blog!! Who knew the can opener had such a rich history? Wonderful!!
1 year ago
Maotu says:
Love Love~
1 year ago
BlackCherryPrintable says:
Very cool :0)
1 year ago
HausofTopper says:
ummm. wow... seriously 50 years???? That is insane...
1 year ago
madelinefeliciano says:
I can seriously say, that you learn something new every day. Loved your story!!!
1 year ago
organicallysewn says:
This is the kind of history that could be taught in school. I am totally fascinated with how and why things happen. Great piece.
1 year ago
iris756 says:
Yes! We Can!
1 year ago
Vickie Moore from WingedWorld says:
Another great article by Linzee! Thanks for the history lesson. I'm feeling more grateful toward my can opener already.
1 year ago