Maxwell's Demon - 1st Edition Linocut

Maxwell's Demon - 1st Edition Linocut
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Maxwell's Demon - 1st Edition Linocut Maxwell's Demon - 1st Edition Linocut Maxwell's Demon - 1st Edition Linocut Maxwell's Demon - 1st Edition Linocut Maxwell's Demon - 1st Edition Linocut

Description

This is a lino block print 8 inches by 9 inches (20.3 cm by 22.9 cm) on Japanese kozo (or mulberry) paper. It is one of a first edition of 12. Colour is somewhat variable.

It is the first in a series about the imaginary friends of scientists. We could get flashy and call them gendankenexperiments, but, particularly since they are demons, I think Imaginary Friend is a more apt title.

Legendary Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879) dreamt up his demon to deal with the very odd 2nd Law of Thermodynamics (which is not a law like others, and can not be derived from first priciples). It states that two bodies of different temperature brought together in a closed system will reach thermal equilibrium; or, you cannot use a cold thing to heat a hot thing; or, entropy or disorder can remain constant or grow; or disorder of a closed system cannot decrease.

"... if we conceive of a being whose faculties are so sharpened that he can follow every molecule in its course, such a being, whose attributes are as essentially finite as our own, would be able to do what is impossible to us. For we have seen that molecules in a vessel full of air at uniform temperature are moving with velocities by no means uniform, though the mean velocity of any great number of them, arbitrarily selected, is almost exactly uniform. Now let us suppose that such a vessel is divided into two portions, A and B, by a division in which there is a small hole, and that a being, who can see the individual molecules, opens and closes this hole, so as to allow only the swifter molecules to pass from A to B, and only the slower molecules to pass from B to A. He will thus, without expenditure of work, raise the temperature of B and lower that of A, in contradiction to the second law of thermodynamics."

Thus entered into history one of the most colourful and storied of the demons of physics. Though he has served to show that no matter how clever, the 2nd law always survives the Demon, somehow, Maxwell's Demon also survives to test the 2nd Law again in new and exotic places, like in information theory and at the event horizon of blackholes.

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Le démon de Maxwell est une expérience de pensée inventée par James Clerk Maxwell en 1871. C'est un paradoxe qui propose une violation de la seconde loi de la thermodynamique.

L'expérience du démon de Maxwell consiste en une boîte contenant un gaz, à deux compartiments (A et B) séparés par une porte à l'échelle moléculaire ; un « démon » commande la porte. Le fonctionnement de la porte ne dépense pas d'énergie. Maxwell suppose, comme on commençait à l'admettre à l'époque, que le gaz est constitué de molécules en mouvement. Le démon est capable de déterminer la vitesse des molécules, et commande l'ouverture ou la fermeture de la porte en fonction de l'état des molécules.

la température est supérieure dans le compartiment B (ici, montré en rouge) à ce qu'elle est dans le compartiment A (en bleu). Or la température est proportionelle à la vitesse quadratique moyenne des molécules. Le démon laisse passer du compartiment B au compartiment A les molécules de B plus lentes que la vitesse moyenne des molécules du compartiment A, et laisse passer de A à B les molécules de A plus rapides que la vitesse moyenne des molécules dans B. Résultat : la température dans B a augmenté tandis que celle de A est réduite : on a donc refroidi une source froide à partir d'une source chaude, ce que la seconde loi de la thermodynamique a justement pour objet d'interdire. On diminue donc l'entropie totale du système.

Il y a plusiers levées du paradoxe, cependant, le démon continue son éxistence en expériences de pensée au sujet de l'entropie jusqu'au présent.

C'est une gravure en deux couleurs sur papier kozo japonais, 8 pouces par 9 pouces ou 20,3 cm par 22,9 cm. Le premier édition inclu seulement 12 gravures.

Added on Oct 25, 2009

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Listed on Oct 25, 2009
Listing # 33236289
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$22.00 USD
1 in stock